Achilles Tendon Ruptures: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

    The Achilles tendon is the largest tendon in the human body, running from the calf muscles to the heel bone. It's crucial for many activities, including walking, running, and jumping. Unfortunately, ruptures of the Achilles tendon are common injuries that can significantly impact one's mobility and athletic performance. Understanding this injury, its causes, symptoms, and treatment options can aid in prevention and recovery.

 What is an Achilles Tendon Rupture?

An Achilles tendon rupture is a tear that occurs in this vital tendon. It can happen suddenly during sports or physical activity, often described as a "snap" or "pop" at the moment of injury. Many people describe it as feeling like they have been struck in the back of the ankle. ### Causes and Risk Factors Achilles tendon ruptures can occur for several reasons, including:

1. Sudden Stress

Rapid acceleration, jumping, or sudden stops can overload the tendon. -

2. Tendinopathy

Degeneration of the tendon due to overuse or chronic inflammation can weaken it, making it more susceptible to rupture.

3. Age

Most ruptures occur in individuals aged 30 to 50, as tendon elasticity decreases with age.

4. Inadequate Footwear

Poorly fitted or worn shoes can contribute to the risk of injury.

5. Certain Medical Conditions

Conditions such as obesity, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia can increase the risk of tendon injuries.

Symptoms of an Achilles Tendon Rupture Signs of an Achilles tendon rupture may include:

1. Severe Pain

A sudden onset of intense pain at the back of the ankle or calf.

2. Swelling and Bruising

Visible swelling around the ankle and heel, often accompanied by bruising.

3. Inability to Walk Properly

Difficulty walking, especially when pushing off the injured foot or standing on tiptoes.

4. A Gap in the Tendon

In some cases, a noticeable gap may be felt about 2-6 cm above the heel. 

Diagnosis

    Healthcare professionals can often diagnose a ruptured Achilles tendon through a physical examination. They may perform the Thompson test, which involves squeezing the calf muscle to see if the foot moves; if it doesn’t move, this may indicate a rupture. Imaging tests like ultrasound or MRI can confirm the diagnosis and assess the extent of the injury.

Treatment Options

The treatment of an Achilles tendon rupture can vary depending on factors such as the severity of the rupture, the patient’s activity level, and age. The two primary treatment approaches are non-surgical and surgical.

- Non-Surgical Treatment Non-surgical treatment may be suitable for less active individuals or those with a partial tear. It typically involves:

1. Immobilization

Using a walking boot or cast to immobilize the ankle and promote healing.

2. Gradual Rehabilitation

After a period of immobilization, physical therapy is initiated to restore strength and range of motion.

3. Activity Modification

Patients are encouraged to gradually return to their regular activities while avoiding high-impact sports during recovery.

Surgical Treatment

Surgical treatment is often recommended for active individuals, particularly athletes, as it generally provides a faster and more reliable return to pre-injury levels of activity. Surgical options include:

1. Open Surgery

This approach involves a larger incision to directly view and repair the tendon, ensuring that the torn ends are properly aligned and secured.

2. Minimal-Incision Techniques

This less invasive option uses smaller incisions and can reduce recovery time and complications.

Recovery and Rehabilitation

Regardless of the treatment approach, rehabilitation is key to recovery. A typical rehabilitation program may include:

Physical Therapy

Focused on gradually increasing strength and flexibility of the Achilles tendon and surrounding muscles.

Gradual Return to Activity

A structured plan is vital for returning to sports and physical activities safely. 

Functional Training

As healing progresses, exercises that simulate sports movements can help prepare individuals for a return to their chosen activity. 

If you suspect an Achilles tendon rupture, schedule an appointment with Dr. Gireesh Reddy or Dr. Sirisha Pokala by calling (469) 573-3427 or booking an appointment online.