Understanding Tendinosis and Tendinitis in the Foot and Ankle: Key Differences and Treatment Plans

When it comes to foot and ankle injuries, two terms that often get thrown around are tendinosis and tendinitis. Despite their similar names, these conditions are distinct in their causes, symptoms, and treatment approaches. Understanding the differences between tendinosis and tendinitis is crucial for anyone experiencing foot and ankle pain.

What is Tendinitis?

Tendinitis refers to the inflammation of a tendon. In the foot and ankle, tendinitis is commonly seen in the Achilles tendon, peroneal tendons, and posterior tibial tendon. This condition usually arises from acute injuries or overuse, where the tendon is subjected to excessive stress.

Symptoms of Tendinitis

- Pain: Tendinitis typically presents with sharp or aching pain around the affected tendon, especially during movement or physical activity.
- Swelling: The area around the tendon may become swollen or tender to the touch.
- Stiffness: Individuals may experience stiffness in the affected tendon, particularly after periods of inactivity or upon waking up.
- Heat: The area can feel warm or hot, which is indicative of inflammation.

Common Causes of Tendinitis

- Repetitive motion or overuse
- Sudden increase in activity level or intensity
- Poor foot mechanics or footwear
- Inadequate warm-up or stretching before activities

Treatment for Tendinitis

Treatment for tendinitis focuses on reducing inflammation and promoting healing:

- Rest: Taking time off from aggravating activities is essential.
- Ice: Applying ice packs can help reduce swelling and pain.
- Compression: Wrapping the area can provide support.
- Elevation: Keeping the affected area elevated can also reduce swelling.
- Physical therapy: Stretching and strengthening exercises may be prescribed to restore function.
- Medication: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can help manage pain and inflammation.

What is Tendinosis?

Tendinosis, on the other hand, is a degenerative condition that occurs when the tendon sustains chronic damage. Unlike tendinitis, which involves inflammation, tendinosis is characterized by degeneration of the collagen fibers in the tendon, often leading to a disorganized structure.

Symptoms of Tendinosis

- Chronic Pain: The pain associated with tendinosis is often dull and persistent, worsening with activity.
- Stiffness: Affected tendons may feel stiff, especially after prolonged periods of inactivity.
- Swelling: There might be swelling in the area, but it is typically less pronounced than in tendinitis.
- Nodules: Sometimes, nodules can form on the tendon as it degenerates.

Common Causes of Tendinosis

- Repetitive stress over time, without adequate rest
- Previous episodes of tendinitis that were not treated effectively
- Age-related wear and tear on the tendon
- Underlying health conditions, such as diabetes

Treatment for Tendinosis

Treating tendinosis can be more challenging since it requires addressing the degenerative changes in the tendon:

- Physical Therapy: Focused rehabilitation through strengthening and flexibility exercises can help restore function.
- Eccentric Exercises: These specific exercises help promote tendon healing and improve strength.
- Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) Injections: Some patients may benefit from injections that use their own blood to stimulate healing.
- Surgery: In severe cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to remove degenerated tendon tissue.

Key Differences Between Tendinosis and Tendinitis

- Cause: Tendinitis is primarily caused by inflammation, often due to acute injuries or overuse, while tendinosis arises from chronic wear and degeneration.
- Symptoms: Tendinitis typically presents with sharp pain and swelling, whereas tendinosis manifests as dull, chronic pain without significant inflammation.
- Treatment: Treatments differ in their approach, with tendinitis focusing on reducing inflammation and tendinosis concentrating on promoting healing and strengthening the affected tendon.

Final Thoughts

For anyone experiencing foot and ankle pain, understanding whether it is tendinitis or tendinosis can significantly impact treatment and recovery. If you're dealing with tendon pain or discomfort, schedule an appointment with Dr. Gireesh Reddy or Dr. Sirisha Pokala at Restore Foot & Ankle Specialists by calling (469) 573-3427 or by booking an appointment online.